Fretting Wear Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Spline Pairs
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摘要: 为探究渐开线花键副在微动工况下的磨损行为, 对花键副材料20CrMoH进行磨损实验, 得到不同工况下花键副材料20CrMoH的磨损系数。实验结果表明: 在同一振动频率下, 材料微动磨损系数随着法向正压力的增大而增大; 在同一法向正压力下, 材料的微动磨损系数随着振动频率的增大而增大。采用有限元与Archard理论相结合的方式对花键副材料磨损量进行预测, 并与磨损实验结果进行对比, 验证了该预测方法的可行性。为寻找改善花键副齿面磨损的方法与思路, 进行花键副参数优化, 以花键副齿面磨损量最小为目标寻求侧隙、修形量、夹角这3个参数的最佳组合, 得到该花键副采用侧隙为0.09 mm、鼓形修形量22.66 μm、夹角为0.04°进行加工设计安装时磨损量最小。Abstract: In order to investigate the wear behaviour of the involute spline pair under the fretting conditions, the wear experiments were performed on the spline pair material 20CrMoH, and the wear coefficients of the spline pair material 20CrMoH under different conditions were obtained. The experimental results show that in the same case, the fretting wear coefficient of the material increases with the increasing of normal pressure; under the same normal pressure, the fretting wear coefficient of the material increases with the increasing of vibration frequency. The method of combining the finite element method with the Archard theory was used to predict the wear of the spline pair material, and the comparison with the wear testing results verified the feasibility of the prediction method. In order to find the methods and ideas for improving the tooth surface wear of spline pairs, optimize the parameters of the spline pairs, and seek the best combination of the three parameters of backlash, shape modification, and angle with the goal of minimizing the amount of tooth surface wear of the spline pairs, it is obtained that the spline pair has a minimum wear amount when processing design and installation with a side clearance of 0.09 mm, drum shape modification amount of 22.66 μm, and an included angle of 0.04°.
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Key words:
- fretting wear /
- involute spline /
- finite element method /
- Archard model /
- Kriging model
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表 1 圆柱销磨损实验参数
实验组号 法向载荷/N 润滑方式 振动频率/Hz 转速/(r·m-1) 1 500 油润滑 0 1 000 2 500 油润滑 50 1 000 3 500 油润滑 100 1 000 4 200 油润滑 50 1 000 5 350 油润滑 50 1 000 6 500 油润滑 50 1 000 表 2 磨损量对比
计算磨损量h1 8.712 μm 实验磨损量h 9.246 μm 误差 5.78% 表 3 渐开线花键副几何参数
参数名及单位 内花键 外花键 齿数Z 24 24 法向模数/mm 1 1 压力角/(°) 30 30 齿宽/mm 22.3 22.3 半径/mm 31.7 10 表 4 试验设计方案及计算磨损量结果
序号 侧隙/mm 修形量/μm 夹角/(°) 磨损量/μm 1 0.14 18.11 0.04 1.619×10-6 2 0.18 22.41 0.03 1.651×10-6 3 0.08 8.62 0.04 1.568×10-6 4 0.13 24.13 0.02 1.308×10-6 5 0.12 0.86 0.04 2.267×10-6 6 0.11 2.58 0.02 2.345×10-6 7 0.14 5.17 0.07 1.830×10-6 8 0.13 20.69 0.07 1.505×10-6 9 0.15 9.48 0.05 2.084×10-6 10 0.20 7.75 0.06 2.582×10-6 11 0.18 4.30 0.01 2.406×10-6 12 0.08 21.55 0.01 1.216×10-6 13 0.16 12.93 0.02 1.999×10-6 14 0.10 3.45 0.06 1.710×10-6 15 0.20 13.80 0.01 2.101×10-6 16 0.16 0 0.05 2.445×10-6 17 0.17 19.83 0 1.638×10-6 18 0.09 17.24 0.04 1.339×10-6 19 0.11 12.07 0.06 1.558×10-6 20 0.12 16.38 0.01 1.568×10-6 21 0.19 15.52 0.05 2.094×10-6 22 0.17 14.65 0.07 1.955×10-6 23 0.11 25.00 0.05 1.252×10-6 24 0.14 6.90 0.03 2.234×10-6 25 0.12 10.35 0.03 1.867×10-6 26 0.19 6.03 0.03 2.401×10-6 27 0.09 11.21 0.01 1.555×10-6 28 0.18 23.27 0.06 1.715×10-6 29 0.08 18.96 0.06 1.235×10-6 30 0.15 1.72 0.02 2.904×10-6 表 5 随机生成修形参数组合及预测结果
序号 侧隙/mm 修形量/um 夹角/(°) 磨损量/μm 1 0.15 16.65 0.03 1.737×10-6 2 0.14 23.31 0.06 1.532×10-6 3 0.09 16.27 0.03 1.337×10-6 4 0.13 1.75 0.05 2.097×10-6 5 0.18 7.81 0.02 2.326×10-6 6 0.18 10.15 0.07 2.328×10-6 7 0.20 17.56 0.05 2.052×10-6 8 0.16 17.50 0.04 1.822×10-6 9 0.16 3.90 0.04 2.585×10-6 10 0.18 1.20 0.06 2.569×10-6 11 0.15 8.68 0.01 2.220×10-6 12 0.08 17.11 0.05 1.275×10-6 13 0.18 21.03 0.01 1.673×10-6 14 0.17 1.64 0.06 2.471×10-6 15 0.13 4.10 0.07 1.764×10-6 16 0.19 24.06 0.02 1.623×10-6 17 0.14 1.98 0.01 2.781×10-6 18 0.12 16.72 0.06 1.464×10-6 19 0.18 24.43 0.03 1.579×10-6 20 0.08 7.00 0.06 1.530×10-6 表 6 优化后结果
侧隙/mm 修形量/μm 夹角/(°) 磨损量/μm 0.09 22.66 0.04 1.148×10-6 表 7 花键齿面各位置磨损量
位置 磨损量/μm 位置 磨损量/μm 1 0.835×10-6 4 1.116×10-6 2 1.017×10-6 5 0.966×10-6 3 1.056×10-6 6 1.002×10-6 表 8 花键齿面最大磨损量预测结果与计算结果对比
预测结果/μm 计算结果/μm 预测误差/% 1.148×10-6 1.116×10-6 2.78 -
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