Characteristic Analysis of Variable Orifice of Damping Steady Torque Percussion Drilling Acceleration Tool
-
摘要: 底部钻具组合耦合振动,不仅降低了钻头的稳定性和攻击性,还易造成钻具疲劳破坏,诱发井下事故。目前,大部分常规的辅助破岩工具只能抑制单一形式的钻具振动,针对多种振动形式耦合的复杂工况,提速效果有限。为此,提出一种减震稳扭旋冲钻井提速工具,该工具集复合冲击和减震稳扭功能于一体,可有效抑制钻头不规则振动,保证钻头平稳快速钻进。以该工具冲击能量发生单元为研究重点,建立了动静阀盘可变节流口数学模型,基于MATLAB仿真模型数值分析得到了可变节流口过流面积与节流压差之间的关系,确定了动静阀盘的几何结构参数。最后完成样机试制和地面性能测试,节流压差测试结果与仿真分析结果相符,满足现场应用需求。Abstract: The coupled vibrations of bottom drilling tool assembly not only reduced stability and aggressiveness of drill bit, but also easily caused fatigue failure of drill tools, which often leading to downhole accident. At present, most of the conventional auxiliary rock-breaking tools can only suppress vibration in a single form, and the drilling acceleration effect is limited for complicated working conditions with coupled vibrations. Therefore a damping steady torque percussion drilling acceleration tool has been put forward, it integrates the functions of compound impact, damping and steady torque, which can effectively suppress bit's irregular vibrations and ensure smooth and fast drilling. This study focuses on the impact energy generating unit of the new tool as mentioned above, and the mathematical model of the variable orifice has firstly been established. Then, the corresponding relationship between the variable orifice area and the differential pressure is obtained by numerical analysis based on the MATLAB simulation model, and the geometric parameters of the valve disc are determined. Finally, the ground experiment has been completed on the prototype of the new tool, and the test result of the differential pressure of the variable orifice was good consistent with the simulation result, which meets the requirements of the field application.
-
表 1 动静阀盘可变节流口几何参数
参数名 静阀盘 动阀盘 偏心孔偏心距/mm 5 5 偏心孔半径/mm 15 15 表 2 冲击能量发生单元性能试验结果
排量/(m3·min−1) 压力波动范围/MPa 轴向冲击力/kN 0.2 0.1~ 0.25 1.8 0.5 0.2 ~ 0.45 3.5 0.8 0.3 ~ 1.0 8.9 1.1 0.6 ~ 2.2 17.5 1.8 0.9 ~ 3.7 33.6 -
[1] 兰凯, 张金成, 母亚军, 等. 高研磨性硬地层钻井提速技术[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2015, 37(6): 18-22LAN K, ZHANG J C, MU Y J, et al. Technology for increasing drilling speed in high abrasive hard formation[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2015, 37(6): 18-22 (in Chinese) [2] 祝小林, 杨灿, 张鸥, 等. 新型PDC钻头砾岩破岩技术及应用[J]. 石油机械, 2019, 47(6): 28-32ZHU X L, YANG C, ZHANG O, et al. Conglomerate rock breaking technology with new PDC cutter and its application[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2019, 47(6): 28-32 (in Chinese) [3] 王磊, 张仁龙, 索忠伟, 等. 适应于PDC钻头的液动射流冲击器改进及应用[J]. 石油机械, 2018, 46(12): 12-16, 23WANG L, ZHANG R L, SUO Z W, et al. Improvement and application of hydraulic jet impactor adapted to PDC bit[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2018, 46(12): 12-16, 23 (in Chinese) [4] 孙源秀, 邹德永, 郭玉龙, 等. 切削-犁削混合钻头设计及现场应用[J]. 石油钻采工艺, 2016, 38(1): 53-56SUN Y X, ZOU D Y, GUO Y L, et al. Design and field application of plow-cutting PDC bit[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2016, 38(1): 53-56 (in Chinese) [5] EL-GAYAR M, ALI T S, TALAF M A. Multilevel force-balanced cutting structure layout helped solve PDC bit dullness issues resulting from geosteering in thin reservoirs[C]//Proceedings of the SPE Bergen One Day Seminar. Bergen, Norway: SPE, 2017: 1-14. [6] 马广军, 王甲昌, 张海平. 螺杆驱动旋冲钻井工具设计及试验研究[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2016, 44(3): 50-54MA G J, WANG J C, ZHANG H P. The design and experimental study of PDM driven rotary percussion drilling tool[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016, 44(3): 50-54 (in Chinese) [7] 玄令超, 管志川, 呼怀刚, 等. 弹性蓄能激发式旋冲钻井工具特性分析[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2016, 44(3): 61-66XUAN L C, GUAN Z C, HU H G, et al. Analysis of the characteristics of the rotary impact drilling tool with an elastic element accumulator[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016, 44(3): 61-66 (in Chinese) [8] 秦晓庆, 刘伟, 李丽, 等. 旋冲钻井技术在川西硬地层的应用[J]. 断块油气田, 2013, 20(4): 505-507QIN X Q, LIU W, LI L, et al. Application of rotary percussion drilling technology in hard formation of western Sichuan[J]. Fault-block Oil and Gas Field, 2013, 20(4): 505-507 (in Chinese) [9] 祝效华, 刘伟吉. 旋冲钻井技术的破岩及提速机理[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(2): 216-222 doi: 10.7623/syxb201802010ZHU X H, LIU W J. Rock breaking and ROP rising mechanism of rotary-percussive drilling technology[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(2): 216-222 (in Chinese) doi: 10.7623/syxb201802010 [10] 陈新勇, 张苏, 付潇, 等. 扭力冲击钻井工具模拟分析及现场试验[J]. 石油机械, 2018, 46(9): 29-32CHEN X Y, ZHANG S, FU X, et al. Simulation analysis and field test of torque impact drilling tool[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2018, 46(9): 29-32 (in Chinese) [11] 李思琪, 毕福庆, 李玮, 等. 扭转冲击钻井稳态钻进动力学特性及现场应用[J]. 中国石油大学学报, 2019, 43(2): 97-104LI S Q, BI F Q, LI W, et al. Dynamic characteristics of steady torsional impact drilling and its field application[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2019, 43(2): 97-104 (in Chinese) [12] 查春青, 柳贡慧, 李军, 等. 复合冲击钻具的研制及现场试验[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2017, 45(1): 57-61ZHA C Q, LIU G H, LI J, et al. Development and field application of a compound percussive jet[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2017, 45(1): 57-61 (in Chinese) [13] 柳贡慧, 李玉梅, 李军, 等. 复合冲击破岩钻井新技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2016, 44(5): 10-15LIU G H, LI Y M, LI J, et al. New technology with composite percussion drilling and rock breaking[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2016, 44(5): 10-15 (in Chinese) [14] 李玉梅, 张涛, 苏中, 等. 复合冲击频率配合特性模拟研究[J]. 石油机械, 2019, 47(9): 30-36LI Y M, ZHANG T, SU Z, et al. Simulation study on compound percussion frequency matching characteristics[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2019, 47(9): 30-36 (in Chinese) [15] 查春青, 柳贡慧, 李军, 等. 复合谐振钻井工具的研制及现场试验[J]. 石油机械, 2019, 47(5): 66-70ZHA C Q, LIU G H, LI J, et al. Development and field application of the compound vibration drilling tool[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2019, 47(5): 66-70 (in Chinese) [16] 张辉. PDC钻头恒扭矩工具在XING101井的应用[J]. 石油机械, 2015, 43(12): 15-18, 24ZHANG H. Application of PDC bit anti stick-slip tool in well XING101[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2015, 43(12): 15-18, 24 (in Chinese) [17] 刘希茂, 范春英, 高巧娟, 等. 随钻恒扭器的研制及现场应用[J]. 石油机械, 2015, 43(5): 32-35LIU X M, FAN C Y, GAO Q J, et al. Development and field application of drilling torque stabilizer[J]. China Petroleum Machinery, 2015, 43(5): 32-35 (in Chinese) [18] VOGEL SK, CREEGAN AP. Case study for real time stick/slip mitigation to improve drilling performance[C]//Proceedings of SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition. Abu Dhabi, UAE: Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016: 1-8. [19] 胡群爱, 孙连忠, 张进双, 等. 硬地层稳压稳扭钻井提速技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2019, 47(3): 107-112 doi: 10.11911/syztjs.2019053HU Q A, SUN L Z, ZHANG J S, et al. Technology for drilling speed increase using stable WOB/torque for hard formations[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2019, 47(3): 107-112 (in Chinese) doi: 10.11911/syztjs.2019053 [20] 钟功祥, 王进, 蒋晓波. 天然气井井下定压节流阀数值模拟及结构优化[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2017, 36(11): 1666-1673ZHONG G X, WANG J, JIANG X B. Numerical simulation and structure optimization of a down-hole throttling valve of constant pressure for gas well[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2017, 36(11): 1666-1673 (in Chinese)