Calculation and Analysis of Combustion Noise Transfer Function by Improved Genetic Algorithm
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摘要: 为改善传统的多元线性拟合传递函数方法所具有的局限性，更准确地进行内燃机燃烧噪声分析与预测，本文采用改进的遗传算法对燃烧噪声传递函数和机械噪声进行寻优计算。首先在相同工况下改变喷油策略计算得到燃烧噪声传递函数，并通过实验验证了燃烧噪声传递函数的不同负荷下的一致性规律；随后根据这一规律，在负荷特性下计算燃烧噪声传递函数，并结合缸压数据预测不同喷油策略下发动机总噪声水平。结果表明：改进遗传算法在计算燃烧噪声传递函数方面更具优势，通过负荷特性数据进行计算能够准确得到燃烧噪声传递函数和机械噪声，并且对总噪声的预测偏差均小于2%。Abstract: In order to improve the limitation of the traditional multiple linear fitting transfer function methods, to analyze and predict combustion noise of internal combustion engines more accurately, the improved genetic algorithm was used to optimize the combustion noise transfer functions and mechanical noise. Firstly, the combustion noise transfer functions were calculated by changing oil injection strategies under the same working condition, and the consistency rule of the combustion noise transfer functions under different loads was verified by experiments. According to this rule, combustion noise transfer functions were calculated under load characteristics, and overall noises were predicted under different oil injection strategies with cylinder pressure data. The results showed that the improved genetic algorithm had more advantages in calculating the combustion noise transfer function; the combustion noise transfer function and mechanical noise can be accurately obtained by calculating the load characteristic data, and predicted deviations of overall noise were less than 2%.
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表 1 实验柴油机主要参数
项目 参数 发动机型式 电控高压共轨四冲程直喷增压柴油机 气缸数 4 排量/L 1.85 压缩比 18.5∶1 点火顺序 1-3-4-2 进气方式 增压中冷 冷却方式 强制循环水冷式 
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表 2 实验测试工况
项目 参数 转速(负荷) 2 000 r/min(100%, 200 N·m) 2 000 r/min(80%, 160 N·m) 2 000 r/min(60%, 120 N·m) 2 000 r/min(40%, 80 N·m) 喷射策略 仅主喷喷油策略下调整主喷定时 调整目标值 调整主喷定时标定值
(-4°, -2°, 基础值, +2°, +4°, +5°, +7°, +9°)注: 选取1 800 r/min调整主喷定时(-2°, 基础值, +2°, +4°)作为验证数据。
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表 3 2 000 r/min时计算得到总噪声与测试总噪声偏差
% 主喷定时调整 40%负荷 60%负荷 80%负荷 100%负荷 -4° 0.86 0.31 -0.11 0.97 -2° 0.53 -0.21 -0.11 1.19 标定值 -0.31 -0.62 -0.21 -0.32 +2° -0.31 0.52 -0.21 -0.64 +4° -0.92 -1.03 -0.53 -0.75 +5° -1.22 0.31 -1.24 -0.53 +7° -0.81 -0.41 0.00 -0.73 +9° -1.11 -1.60 -1.52 -1.75
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表 5 1 800 r/min时计算得到总噪声与测试总噪声偏差
% 主喷定时调整 40%负荷 60%负荷 80%负荷 100%负荷 -2° 1.10 0.15 0.02 -0.16 标定值 0.04 -0.02 -0.39 0.06 +2° 0.18 0.01 0.03 -0.23 +4° -0.34 0.06 -0.05 -0.03
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表 7 2 000 r/min时不同负荷喷油策略总噪声预测偏差
% 主喷定时调整 40%负荷 60%负荷 80%负荷 100%负荷 -4° 0.18 0.30 0.20 -1.21 -2° 0.11 0.35 0.27 -0.80 标定值 -0.46 0.36 -0.32 -0.32 +2° 0.09 -0.12 -0.19 -0.61 +4° 0.16 0.35 0.31 -0.39 +5° -0.77 0.21 -0.15 -0.11 +7° -0.60 0.09 0.47 0.54 +9° -0.76 -0.24 0.19 0.19
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