Research on Vibration Reduction Optimization for Driving Cab of a Construction Machinery
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摘要: 针对某工程机械驾驶室的振动过大问题，采用试验测试与仿真模拟相结合的方法，对驾驶室的减振性能进行了评估与优化。通过对各测点振动加速度频谱图的分析，探究了驾驶室振动过大问题的原因，并采用壳单元模型进行模态分析，实现了故障再现；进而根据仿真结果，对驾驶室进行了优化设计，并对该优化方案进行了验证。结果表明：驾驶室的振动放大问题是因驾驶室底板模态与发动机激振频率在50 Hz和80 Hz附近发生共振所致；通过对驾驶室结构的优化设计，有效地规避了发动机的激振频率，振动传递率满足小于70%的要求，达到了减振的目的。Abstract: To solve the excessive vibration problems encountered by the driving cab of a construction machine, this paper conducts evaluation and optimization for the vibration reduction performance of the cab by combing the experimental test and CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) simulation. The reasons for the excessive vibration problems of the cab are explored by analyzing the spectrogram of the vibration acceleration at each measuring point. Also, modal analysis is performed with the shell element model to realize failure reappearance. Further, based on the simulation results, the cab is optimized and the optimization method is verified. The results show that the vibration amplification problems of the cab are caused by resonance between the mode of the cab floor and the excitation frequency of the engine around 50 Hz and 80 Hz. By optimizing the cab structure, the resonance with the excitation frequency of the engine is avoided. Moreover, the vibration transmission rate meets the requirement of less than 70%, and thus the purpose of vibration reduction is achieved.
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表 1 测试的振动加速度值与传递率
测点 工况 减振前/g 减振后/g 传递率/% 左前测点Z方向 低速行走 0.206 1 0.318 3 154.44 低速工作 0.375 4 0.678 7 180.79 高速行走 3.507 6 2.131 6 60.77 高速工作 3.475 8 2.151 6 61.90 右前测点Z方向 低速行走 0.986 6 0.453 3 45.94 低速工作 1.344 2 0.631 9 47.01 高速行走 0.889 1 0.889 5 100.04 高速工作 1.878 6 2.334 3 124.26 左后测点Z 低速行走 1.100 0 0.267 1 24.29 低速工作 1.712 9 0.628 5 36.69 高速行走 3.496 8 2.063 6 59.01 高速工作 3.078 6 1.891 3 61.44 右后测点Z方向 低速行走 0.895 4 0.281 9 31.49 低速工作 1.479 3 0.486 5 32.89 高速行走 3.471 2 1.671 9 48.17 高速工作 3.900 0 1.526 2 39.13 
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表 2 优化后驾驶室的振动加速度值与传递率
测点 工况 减振前/g 减振后/g 传递率/% 左前测点Z方向 低速行走 0.277 8 0.141 6 50.97 低速工作 0.382 2 0.251 1 65.70 高速行走 3.786 9 2.151 6 56.81 高速工作 3.465 3 2.198 1 63.43 右前测点Z方向 低速行走 1.010 2 0.501 2 49.61 低速工作 1.645 3 0.785 6 47.75 高速行走 0.779 1 0.322 4 41.38 高速工作 1.883 1 1.122 1 59.59 左后测点Z方向 低速行走 1.342 6 0.302 1 22.50 低速工作 1.565 3 0.798 1 38.21 高速行走 3.505 6 2.356 1 67.21 高速工作 3.231 4 2.113 1 65.39 右后测点Z方向 低速行走 0.912 4 0.291 6 31.96 低速工作 1.503 4 0.490 0 32.59 高速行走 3.532 1 1.698 7 48.09 高速工作 4.010 1 1.623 1 40.48
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