Motion Analysis and Optimal Design of MacPherson Steering Suspension Mechanism
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摘要: 用更接近悬架实际运动状态的刚体螺旋运动理论建立了麦弗逊(MacPherson)悬架和配用转向机构的运动学模型，提出了考虑转向轮初始状态的车轮外倾角和前束角的计算方法，讨论了车轮前束角和转向角的区别，推导了转向过程中转向悬架中两个压力角的计算公式。以最小转向误差为目标，并限制车轮跳动时四定位参数的变化范围、转向过程中压力角的最大值和最小转弯半径，建立了MacPherson悬架及配用转向机构优化模型。样例分析结果表明，在给定条件下优化后，不仅车轮跳动时前束角的变化范围减小，使悬架运动学性能更加稳定；而且在保证车辆的给定最小转弯半径和机构压力角下，转向性能得到明显改善。Abstract: The motion equations of the MacPherson steering suspension mechanism were established with the rigid body screw motion theory, which can describe more accurately the actual motion state of the MacPherson suspension mechanism. The formulae of camber and toe-in angles of the wheel, whose initial values were taken into consideration, and those of two pressure angles in the steering trapezoid were deduced. The difference between toe-in and steering angles of the wheel was discussed. The optimization model of the suspension mechanism was established by minimizing steering errors and restricting the four alignment parameters and two transmission pressure angles within their maximum and minimum boundaries when the wheel is jouncing, rebounding or during vehicle steering. An actual MacPherson-type steering suspension mechanism was optimized under its given conditions; the results show that the varying range of the toe-in angle is narrower than the original range when the wheel is jouncing, meaning that the suspension mechanism has a more stable kinematics performance, thus improving significantly the steering performance of the suspension mechanism under the conditions that the two pressure angles and the required minimum turning radius of the vehicle are satisfied during steering.
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表 1 关键参数许用变化范围或许用极限值
[yj] [α0]/(°) [β0]/(°) [λ0]/(°) [τ0]/(°) [αC]/(°) [αE]/(°) [δL]/(°) 上限 12 13 1 1 60 40 - 下限 3 5 -1 -1 0 0 22.5 
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表 2 MacPherson悬架左侧关键点坐标
关键点 (x, y, z)/mm A -50, 600, 520 B 22, 700, -130 C -162, 645, -30 E -220, 380, -30 F 200, 400, -90 G -200, 400, -80 J -36, 628, 72 N 0, 700, 0
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表 3 设计变量上下限及优化值
mm 设计变量xi 下限xiLB 上限xiUB 优化1 优化2 Ax -70 -40 -65.9 -50 Ay 550 650 600 603.5 Az 450 540 534.4 538.1 Cx -210 -100 -163.0 -162.5 Cy 620 740 634.7 666.8 Cz -45 10 -35.0 -24.1 Ex -240 -170 -181.3 -239.9 Ey 360 450 370.5 360.5 Ez -40 0 -10.6 -3.6
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