Matching and Economic Analysis of Solar Electric Vehicle Driven by In-wheel Motor
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摘要: 提出了一种基于轮毂电机的太阳能电动车构型,基于某B级车完成了太阳能电池、动力电池、电机等关键总成参数的选型与匹配。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建了太阳能电池仿真模型,对太阳能电池的光照特性进行了仿真分析。为了验证所提出构型的经济性,基于AVL Cruise搭建了经济性验证模型,基于NEDC工况对整车经济性进行了验证分析,仿真结果表明:当一天平均行驶50 km时,非太阳能电动车耗电量为7.174 kW·h,太阳能电池会生成1.688 kW·h,即太阳能电池消耗电网电5.486 kW·h,节能比例为23.5%;当动力电池容量相同时,非太阳能纯电动车续驶里程为200 km,太阳能电动车续驶里程为240 km,续驶里程增加了20%,节能效果显著,相关研究可为我国太阳能电动车的开发提供参考。Abstract: A solar electric vehicle configuration based on hub motor is proposed. Based on a B-class vehicle, the selection and matching of key assembly parameters such as solar cell, battery and motor are completed. With MATLAB/Simulink, the solar cell simulation model is built. The illumination characteristics of solar cells were simulated and analyzed. In order to verify the economics of the present configuration, an economic verification model was built based on AVL Cruise. The economics of the vehicle was verified based on NEDC conditions. The simulation results showed that when driving 50 km per day, the non-solar electric vehicle consumes 7.174 kW·h, and the solar cell generates 1.688 kW·h of electricity per day, that is, the solar cell consumes 5.486 kW·h of grid power, and the energy saving ratio is of 23.5%. When the battery capacity is the same, the non-solar pure electric vehicle has a driving range of 200 km, and the solar electric vehicle has a driving range of 240 km, the driving range increases by 20%, and the energy saving effect is remarkable. Relevant research can provide the reference for developing the solar electric vehicles in China.
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Key words:
- electric vehicle /
- solar cell /
- in-wheel motor /
- matching /
- performance simulation
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表 1 整车性能指标
整车指标 数值范围 备注 最高车速/(km·h−1) ≥150 半载 0~100 km/h加速时间/s ≤10 半载 最大爬坡度/% >30 满载 NEDC续驶里程/km >350 加载100 kg 表 2 3种代表性太阳能电池参数
参数 电池1 电池2 电池3 主要制造材料 单晶硅 多晶硅 砷化镓 类型 片状 片状 薄膜 转换率/% 18 19 30 开路电压/V 22 43 28.3 短路电流/A 5.95 8.93 3.7 质量/kg 15 22.5 3.3 平面尺寸/m 1.73×1.08 1.96×0.99 1.56×0.63 厚度/mm 25 40 3 价格/元 660 900 2700 表 3 常用动力电池性能比较
项目 铅酸电池 磷酸铁锂电池 三元锂电池 工作电压/V 2 3.2 3.7 比能量/(W·h·kg−1) 30~45 90~130 100~200 比功率/(W·kg−1) 100~250 200~300 300~500 循环寿命/次 <500 1500~2000 800~1200 工作温度/℃ 0~+40 −10~+75 −20~+60 环境污染 有 无 无 成本/(元·(kW·h)−1) 1100 1500 1800 表 4 太阳能电动车关键总成参数表
项目 参数 数值 电机 峰值功率 96 kW 额定功率 48 kW 峰值转矩 230 N·m 额定转矩 130 N·m 峰值转速 11000 r/min 额定转速 3600 r/min 额定电压 336 V 动力电池 容量 91 Ah 额定电压 336 V 太阳能电池 功率 0.1 kW 峰值电流 3.3 A 峰值电压 25 V MPPT 最大电流 10 A 表 5 动力电池一天耗电量对比
动力电池类别 纯电动汽车 太阳能电动车 耗电量/(kW·h) 7.174 5.486 表 6 相同容量动力电池续驶里程对比
动力电池类别 纯电动汽车 太阳能电动车 续驶里程/km 200 240 -
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