Opportunistic Group Replacement Maintenance Strategy for Wind Turbines
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摘要: 风电机组的维护成本居高不下，维修策略是影响维护成本的主要原因之一。当前风电场通常在固定时间间隔采取预防性更换维修，这样的策略不够灵活，没有充分利用各部件间的经济相关性。本文将机会成组更换维修策略应用于风电机组中，使用威布尔分布描述机组部件的可靠性；提出了统一的维修成本计算公式并细化了维修成本的组成；依据机会成组更换维修策略的原理，得出更换维修计划，并结合某风电场的历史故障数据及成本数据，给出了该策略在部件级的具体实施案例。结果显示，与传统预防性更换维修策略相比，机会成组更换维修策略减少了总维修次数，节省了总维修成本，从而验证了机会成组更换维修策略在风电机组中应用的有效性。Abstract: The maintenance costs of wind turbines remain high, one of the primary causes of which is the selection of maintenance strategy. Currently, wind farms generally take the preventive replacement maintenance strategy at regular intervals. This strategy is inflexible, not enough to take full advantage of the economic dependence between components. This study applies an opportunistic group replacement maintenance (OGRM) strategy on wind turbines. At first, Weibull distribution is utilized to describe reliability of main components. A uniform formula is proposed to express and subdivide maintenance costs. Then, according to principles of the OGRM strategy, maintenance schedules are obtained by simulation. Finally, combined with historical failure data and maintenance cost data from a certain wind farm, a specific case of implementing the strategy at a component level is given. The results show that, compared with the traditional preventive replacement maintenance strategy, the OGRM strategy reduces total maintenance times and costs, which verifies the effectiveness of applying the strategy on wind turbines.
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表 1 两种维修方式下风电机组部件的维修时间及成本
维修方式 维修时间/h 成本/元 Tw Ta Tc Ts Tm Cf Cm 预防性更换 0 0 tc ts tm cf cm 机会成组更换 0 0 0 ts tm 0 cm 
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表 2 风电机组部件的可靠性参数及维修参数
序号 部件名称 β η Tm/h Cm/元 1 Crowbar电阻 0.941 604.81 7.62 5 071 2 UPS 1.775 1 372.9 3.76 1 575 3 350A保险 1.141 741.56 10.74 333 4 发电机编码器 1.346 1 150.11 7.24 1 507 5 变桨电池 1.194 1 028.7 20.81 653 6 发电机碳刷 1.181 656.75 7.56 279 7 防冻液 1.038 1 590.02 7.24 76 8 风速仪 1.402 838.39 9.89 2 700 9 滑环 1.125 706.14 13.13 13 676 10 集电环 1.054 861.43 10.21 16 500
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表 3 风电机组机会成组更换维修策略计划结果
次数 时刻/d 成本/元 各部件维修方式 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 55 8 883 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 95 47 886 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 3 151 19 681 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 4 191 50 876 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 5 246 8 883 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 286 58 684 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 7 342 11 314 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 382 50 876 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 9 437 19 681 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 10 477 47 886 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 11 533 8 883 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 573 61 674 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 13 628 8 883 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 668 50 318 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 15 724 19 681 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 注:0表示不维修; 1表示采取机会成组更换; 2表示采取预防性更换。
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表 4 机组在两种维修策略下的总维修次数及成本
维修策略 次数 成本/元 Ce Cf Cm 总计Ct 预防性更换维修策略 608 1311908 1319987 3172551 5804446 机会成组更换维修策略 152 1316693 329840 3372471 5019004 指标改变量 -456 4785 -990147 199920 -785442
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表 5 两种维修策略下的各维修阶段的电能损失
维修策略 各阶段电能损失/元 等待+到场 攀爬 吊装 维修 总计Ce 预防性更换维修策略 0 109492 109492 1092924 1311908 机会成组更换维修策略 0 13680 119700 1183313 1316693 指标改变量 0 -95812 10208 90389 4785
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