高功率密度柴油机曲轴三维耦合振动特性研究

李正文; 赵俊生; 李涵; 章朝栋; 白金霖

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20190063

高功率密度柴油机曲轴三维耦合振动特性研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20190063

中北大学机械工程学院, 太原 030051

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 51275487

详细信息

作者简介:
李正文(1994-), 硕士研究生, 研究方向为柴油机轴系润滑与振动控制, sdqflzw@163.com

通讯作者:
赵俊生, 教授, 博士, zjs@nuc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TK422
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- 文章访问数: 405
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-05

Three-dimensional Coupled Vibration Analysis of Crankshaft System of High Power Density Diesel Engine

School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China

摘要

摘要: 针对柴油机强化过程中曲轴三维振动的耦合现象难以准确预测的问题，根据曲轴动力学和简谐分析理论，建立12V150柴油机曲轴振动模型，分析三维耦合现象与机理，并探究安装扭转减振器对三维耦合振动的影响。结果表明：在较强谐次3、4.5次时扭振幅值较大，弯曲振动在较宽频率范围内出现峰值，多个谐次的扭振和弯振会引起同频或倍频轴振；相邻轴颈间的三维振动存在耦合关系；安装扭转减振器对扭转振动控制作用明显，多个主要谐次的弯曲、轴向振动幅值降低，低转速时竖直弯振和轴振反而增大。主要工作转速范围和三维振动耦合作用在柴油机强化设计阶段时应重点考虑。
- 曲轴 /
- 三维耦合振动 /
- 简谐分析 /
- 扭转减振器
Abstract: The crankshaft vibration model of 12V150 diesel engine was established according to the crankshaft dynamics and harmonic analysis theory. Based on this model, the three-dimensional coupled vibration phenomenon and mechanism of crankshaft of high power density diesel engine was studied. Then the influence of installing torsion damper on the three-dimensional coupled vibration was probed. The results show that the torsional amplitude is larger in the case of 3d and 4.5d orders, and the bending vibration peaks occur in a wide frequency range. Torsional and bending vibration of multiple orders can cause the same frequency or double frequency axis vibration. A coupling relationship exists between the three-dimensional and the adjacent main journal. The installation of the torsion damper has obvious effect on the control of torsion vibration and can reduce bending and axial vibration amplitude of several major orders, while the vertical bending vibration and axial vibration increase at low rotating speed. The analysis of results indicates that the main working speed range and three-dimensional vibration coupling effect should be considered particularly.
- crankshaft /
- three-dimensional coupled vibration /
- harmonic analysis /
- torsion damper

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图 1 轴系模型

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图 2 缸压曲线

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图 3 弹性曲轴与支撑示意图

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图 4 扭-弯-轴向振动Campbell谱图

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图 5 部分曲轴位移变化

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图 6 主要谐次扭转振动幅值对比

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图 7 主要谐次弯曲振动幅值对比

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图 8 主要谐次轴向振动幅值对比

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表 1 各转速主要影响谐次及振幅总值

转速/(r·min^-1)	扭转振动		水平弯振		竖直弯振		轴向振动
转速/(r·min^-1)	谐次	总值/(°)	谐次	总值/mm	谐次	总值/mm	谐次	总值/mm
1 800	1.5/4.5	0.837 9	1.5/4.5	0.090 1	4.5/7.5	0.070 5	3/9	0.140 1
2 000	1.5/4/4.5	0.850 2	1.5/4/4.5	0.104 1	4.5/7.5	0.074 2	3/8.5/9	0.210 2
2 200	1.5/3/4/4.5	0.905	1.5/4/4.5	0.109	4.5/6.5	0.073 1	3/7.5/8	0.226 1
2 400	1.5/3/4	0.926 5	1/1.5/3/4.5	0.113 2	6/7	0.079 4	3/7/7.5	0.270 3
2 600	1.5/3/4	0.973 8	1/1.5/3/4.5	0.115 1	5.5/6/6.5	0.098 3	3/6.5	0.33
2 800	1.5/3	1.115 1	1.5/3	0.123 3	3/3.5/5.5	0.921	1.5/3/6	0.355 4
3 000	1.5/3/3.5	0.843 5	3	0.110 5	3/3.5/6	0.100 3	1.5/3/4.5	0.320 4
3 200	1.5/3	0.695 3	3	0.097 1	2.5/3/3.5	0.098	1.5/3/4.5	0.322 1

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表 2 各个方向在各转速下的振幅总值及变化率

转速/(r·min^-1)	扭转振动		水平弯振		竖直弯振		轴向振动
转速/(r·min^-1)	谐次	总值/(°)	振幅/mm	变化率/%	振幅/mm	变化率/%	振幅/mm	变化率/%
1 800	0.536 3	-35.99	0.074 8	-5.66	0.073 4	4.11	0.162 9	14.92
2 000	0.729 3	-14.22	0.091 8	-3.94	0.075 4	1.08	0.216 4	2.76
2 200	0.635 5	-29.78	0.091 6	-15.60	0.066	-9.71	0.214 2	-4.91
2 400	0.649 4	-29.91	0.084 2	-24.91	0.049 8	-37.03	0.185 5	-30.82
2 600	0.515 8	-47.03	0.098 5	-19.20	0.050 1	-49.14	0.199 6	-40.30
2 800	0.580 1	-47.98	0.086 3	-28.63	0.059 2	-37.02	0.194	-45.13
3 000	0.525	-37.76	0.087 2	-20.36	0.072 7	-27.22	0.203 4	-30.09
3 200	0.516 5	-25.72	0.075 6	-21.73	0.076 5	-22.45	0.222 7	-30.77

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