Research on Structural Description and Matching Reasoning of Assemblable Features
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摘要: 针对复杂产品装配设计过程中零部件间匹配关系描述不清晰,装配设计过程中零件配对精度不高等问题,提出了可装配特征的结构化描述与匹配推理研究方法。在分析影响零件获取、匹配、调整以及装配的工艺关联、匹配型面特征,以及装配设计意图的基础上,给出了包括工程语义、装配约束、装配端口、装配空间关系的装配关键结的定义和结构化描述。基于装配关键结的复杂产品零部件进行了可装配性分析,确定了装配关键结中各因素权重,并通过模糊理想解法完成了对复杂零部件装配属性邻接图的求解,最终通过复杂产品装配从定性输入到定量求解,再到定性输出的映射变换实现了零部件间的精准匹配,给出了推理匹配过程。最后,通过应用算例验证了方法的有效性。Abstract: Aiming at the problems including unclear description of the matching relationship between parts and the low accuracy of parts matching in assembly design, a method of structured description and matching reasoning for assemblable features is proposed. Firstly, the definition and structural description of assembly key knots including engineering semantics, assembly constraints, assembly ports and assembly space relations were given, which based on the analysis of the process correlation, matching surface characteristics and assembly design intention that affect parts acquisition, matching, adjustment and assembly. Then, the DFA (design for assembly) of complex product parts based on assembly key knots was analyzed, and the weight of each factor in assembly key knot was determined. In addition, the solution of assembly attribute adjacent graph of complex parts was completed by FTOPSIS (fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) in fuzzy set theory, and thus the precise matching between components could be realized from qualitative input to quantitative solution and then to qualitative output. Finally, the validity of the method was verified, and the research result provided a novel approach for efficient and accurate assembly of complex product parts.
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表 1 1~9标度法及相应隶属度对应表
标度 隶属度 定义 描述 1 [0, 0.15] 同等重要 两者比较, 前者与后者同等重要 2(1/2) (0.15, 0.25] 稍稍微(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者稍稍微(不)重要 3(1/3) (0.25, 0.35] 稍微(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者稍微(不)重要 4(1/4) (0.35, 0.45] 稍比较(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者稍比较(不)重要 5(1/5) (0.45, 0.55] 比较(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者比较(不)重要 6(1/6) (0.55, 0.65] 稍非常(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者稍非常(不)重要 7(1/7) (0.65, 0.75] 非常(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者非常(不)重要 8(1/8) (0.75, 0.85] 稍绝对(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者稍绝对(不)重要 9(1/9) (0.85, 1] 绝对(不)重要 两者比较, 前者比后者绝对(不)重要 表 2 二级减速器箱体装配关键结模糊属性值
方案 ES GC AP ASR 权重(W) (0.016, 0.084, 0.153) (0.269, 0.327, 0.406) (0.325, 0.398, 0.442) (0.124, 0.191, 0.253) P3-P1 (0.421, 0.567, 0.632) (0.872, 0.904, 0.946) (0.889, 0.924, 0.950) (0.845, 0.917, 0.936) P3-P2 (0.225, 0.463, 0.536) (0.213, 0.342, 0.389) (0.205, 0.312, 0.368) (0.303, 0.311, 0.317) P3-P4 (0.401, 0.543, 0.578) (0.432, 0.541, 0.557) (0.444, 0.542, 0.569) (0.523, 0.534, 0.636) P3-P5 (0.302, 0.445, 0.539) (0.423, 0.578, 0.632) (0.401, 0.579, 0.598) (0.421, 0.492, 0.554) P3-P6 (0.467, 0.584, 0.602) (0.335, 0.489, 0.514) (0.456, 0.512, 0.587) (0.345, 0.412, 0.567) P3-P7 (0.492, 0.532, 0.678) (0.347, 0.423, 0.478) (0.346, 0.401, 0.467) (0.487, 0.523, 0.632) P3-P8 (0.446, 0.543, 0.587) (0.345, 0.569, 0.683) (0.454, 0.546, 0.596) (0.632, 0.674, 0.696) P3-P9 (0.578, 0.598, 0.624) (0.470, 0.512, 0.543) (0.407, 0.467, 0.523) (0.532, 0.543, 0.562) P3-P10 (0.113, 0.185, 0.252) (0.212, 0.311, 0.357) (0.354, 0.393, 0.471) (0.303, 0.351, 0.398) P3-P11 (0.013, 0.145, 0.225) (0.246, 0.316, 0.383) (0.311, 0.389, 0.414) (0.345, 0.378, 0.425) P3-P12 (0.009, 0.124, 0.214) (0.215, 0.378, 0.405) (0.114, 0.232, 0.387) (0.257, 0.321, 0.481) P3-P13 (0.125, 0.161, 0.247) (0.331, 0.357, 0.421) (0.312, 0.368, 0.415) (0.008, 0.121, 0.203) P3-P14 (0.333, 0.485, 0.522) (0.412, 0.315, 0.461) (0.375, 0.400, 0.441) (0.314, 0.365, 0.403) P3-P15 (0.131, 0.175, 0.241) (0.124, 0.192, 0.222) (0.245, 0.340, 0.391) (0.123, 0.199, 0.223) P3-P16 (0.452, 0.502, 0.568) (0.342, 0.398, 0.429) (0.301, 0.385, 0.432) (0.082, 0.135, 0, 231) P3-P17 (0.521, 0.627, 0.689) (0.831, 0.844, 0.890) (0.831, 0.871, 0.903) (0.799, 0.851, 0.896) P3-P18 (0.293, 0.364, 0.437) (0.782, 0.804, 0.846) (0.789, 0.814, 0.850) (0.745, 0.802, 0.831) P3-P19 (0.214, 0.342, 0.441) (0.321, 0.382, 0.431) (0.385, 0.422, 0.469) (0.323, 0.398, 0.434) P3-P20 (0.121, 0.267, 0.332) (0.272, 0.304, 0.346) (0.289, 0.324, 0.350) (0.245, 0.317, 0.336) 表 3 模糊加权矩阵属性值
方案 ES GC AP ASR P3-P1 (0.006 7, 0.047 6, 0.096 7) (0.234 6, 0.295 6, 0.384 1) (0.288 9, 0.367 8, 0.419 9) (0.104 8, 0.175 1, 0.236 8) P3-P2 (0.003 6, 0.038 9, 0.082 0) (0.057 3, 0.111 8, 0.157 9) (0.066 6, 0.124 2, 0.162 7) (0.037 6, 0.059 4, 0.080 2) P3-P4 (0.006 4, 0.045 6, 0.088 4) (0.116 2, 0.176 9, 0.226 1) (0.144 3, 0.215 7, 0.251 5) (0.064 9, 0.102 0, 0.160 9) P3-P5 (0.004 8, 0.037 4, 0.082 5) (0.113 8, 0.189 0, 0.256 6) (0.130 3, 0.230 4, 0.264 3) (0.052 2, 0.094 0, 0.140 2) P3-P6 (0.007 5, 0.049 1, 0.092 1) (0.090 1, 0.159 9, 0.208 7) (0.148 2, 0.203 8, 0.259 5) (0.042 8, 0.078 7, 0.143 5) P3-P7 (0.007 9, 0.044 7, 0.103 7) (0.093 3, 0.138 3, 0.194 1) (0.112 5, 0.159 6, 0.206 4) (0.060 4, 0.099 9, 0.159 9) P3-P8 (0.007 1, 0.045 6, 0.089 8) (0.092 8, 0.186 1, 0.277 3) (0.147 6, 0.217 3, 0.263 4) (0.078 4, 0.128 7, 0.176 1) P3-P9 (0.009 2, 0.050 2, 0.095 5) (0.126 4, 0.167 4, 0.220 5) (0.132 3, 0.185 9, 0.231 2) (0.066 0, 0.103 7, 0.142 2) P3-P10 (0.001 8, 0.015 5, 0.038 6) (0.057 0, 0.101 7, 0.144 9) (0.115 1, 0.156 4, 0.208 2) (0.037 6, 0.067 0, 0.100 7) P3-P11 (0.000 2, 0.012 2, 0.034 4) (0.066 2, 0.103 3, 0.155 5) (0.101 1, 0.154 8, 0.183 0) (0.042 8, 0.072 2, 0.107 5) P3-P12 (0.000 1, 0.010 4, 0.032 7) (0.057 8, 0.123 6, 0.164 4) (0.037 1, 0.092 3, 0.171 1) (0.031 9, 0.061 3, 0.121 7) P3-P13 (0.002 0, 0.013 5, 0.037 8) (0.089 0, 0.116 7, 0.170 9) (0.101 4, 0.146 5, 0.183 4) (0.001 0, 0.023 1, 0.051 4) P3-P14 (0.005 3, 0.040 7, 0.079 9) (0.110 8, 0.103 0, 0.187 2) (0.121 9, 0.159 2, 0.194 9) (0.038 9, 0.069 7, 0.102 0) P3-P15 (0.002 1, 0.014 7, 0.036 9) (0.033 4, 0.062 8, 0.090 1) (0.079 6, 0.135 3, 0.172 8) (0.015 3, 0.038 0, 0.056 4) P3-P16 (0.007 2, 0.042 2, 0.086 9) (0.092 0, 0.130 1, 0.174 2) (0.097 8, 0.153 2, 0.190 9) (0.0102, 0.0258, 0.0584) P3-P17 (0.008 3, 0.052 7, 0.105 4) (0.223 5, 0.276 0, 0.361 3) (0.270 1, 0.346 7, 0.399 1) (0.099 1, 0.162 5, 0.226 7) P3-P18 (0.004 7, 0.030 6, 0.066 9) (0.2104, 0.2629, 0.3435) (0.256 4, 0.324 0, 0.375 7) (0.092 4, 0.153 2, 0.210 2) P3-P19 (0.003 4, 0.028 7, 0.067 5) (0.086 3, 0.124 9, 0.175 0) (0.125 1, 0.168 0, 0.207 3) (0.040 1, 0.076 0, 0.109 8) P3-P20 (0.001 9, 0.022 4, 0.050 8) (0.073 2, 0.099 4, 0.140 5) (0.093 9, 0.129 0, 0.154 7) (0.030 4, 0.060 5, 0.085 0) 表 4 海明距离与贴近度结果
名称 P3-P1 P3-P2 P3-P4 P3-P5 P3-P6 P3-P7 P3-P8 P3-P9 P3-P10 P3-P11 P3-P12 P3-P13 P3-P14 P3-P15 P3-P16 P3-P17 P3-P18 P3-P19 P3-P20 d+ 0.006 0.334 0.215 0.208 0.234 0.267 0.198 0.234 0.309 0.312 0.341 0.323 0.287 0.368 0.311 0.029 0.062 0.282 0.334 d- 0.393 0.074 0.184 0.190 0.164 0.142 0.209 0.168 0.089 0.088 0.076 0.083 0.115 0.039 0.096 0.366 0.336 0.115 0.068 dk 0.985 0.181 0.461 0.478 0.412 0.347 0.513 0.419 0.224 0.219 0.183 0.204 0.286 0.095 0.237 0.926 0.844 0.289 0.169 注:d+代表海明距离; d-代表贴近度; dk中的k代表相应的方案。 -
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