Simulation and Optimization of Sound Insulation Property for Construction Machinery Cab
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摘要: 本文建立了某工程机械驾驶室的声固耦合有限元模型，通过求解振动-声场耦合控制方程，得到驾驶室各板件的隔声量，为验证声学仿真结果，在半消声室内进行了隔声量测试，并选择合适的隔声垫优化隔声性能，预测隔声优化效果。结果表明：仿真和试验所得隔声量吻合较好，验证了理论方法和仿真模型的准确性，可用于驾驶室隔声性能评估；采用此仿真模型可找出隔声薄弱环节，并辅助选择优化方案，预测改进效果；基于声固耦合的隔声量仿真可用于驾驶室设计阶段的隔声量预测，指导低噪声驾驶室设计。Abstract: The model of driving cab was built with finite element method, sound insulation property of plates were obtained by solving control equations which describe the coupling of structural vibration and acoustic field. Then sound insulation property was tested in semi-anechoic room to verify the simulation results. Finally the sound insulation property was optimized using appropriate acoustic pad. The results indicated:theory method and simulation model are validated after comparing the numerical solutions with experimental results, and can be used to predict sound insulation property of driving cab. Using this simulation model, the weak plate can be identified, optimal design can be chosen. The simulation based on acoustic-structural coupling method can be used to predict the sound insulation property of driving cab at the design stage, and then the low-noise design of cab will be realized.
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表 1 仿真模态与试验模态对比
阶次 试验频率/Hz 仿真频率/Hz 误差/% 振型描述 1 25.43 25.40 0.12 顶棚1阶弯曲 2 25.86 26.00 0.54 整体1阶扭转 3 36.64 36.26 1.04 底板1阶弯曲 4 37.75 38.85 2.91 顶棚2阶弯曲 5 39.97 40.13 0.40 底板、侧板混合振动 6 43.50 43.20 0.69 底板、侧板混合振动 7 45.06 45.56 1.11 前围板1阶弯曲 8 45.77 45.76 0.02 整体1阶弯曲 
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表 2 试验与仿真隔声量对比
板件 顶板 底板 左板 右板 前板 后板 试验值/dB 26.60 20.87 27.20 27.14 29.83 26.20 仿真值/dB 24.75 19.61 26.37 26.33 23.61 24.60 误差/% 6.97 6.06 3.05 2.98 20.86 6.12
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