Study on Vibration Fatigue Testing of Aircraft Typical Bolt Connector
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摘要: 为确定不同螺栓连接形式与不同名义厚度的某典型结构连接件的振动疲劳极限寿命，并比较其振动疲劳性能，本文针对连接件要求考核部位的特殊性，提出了简支结构的夹具设计方法，在经过有限元模拟计算及在模态试验中进行了验证考核后，成功应用于正式试验中，另外，试验采用小量级振动条件下应变数值曲线拟合得到大量级振动条件下应变值，完成了试验应变-寿命曲线的绘制。通过此次试验研究表明：1）简支结构的夹具设计被证明适用于此类搭接结构的螺栓连接件，可以应用在此后类似的振动试验中；2）复材名义厚度为5 mm的单排双钉连接件，在同样的应变水平下，具有最长的振动疲劳寿命，即振动疲劳性能最好；3）4种不同形式的螺栓连接件，振动疲劳破坏位置均为金属部分，在下一步的设计中需更换金属材料，加强金属搭接板的动强度。Abstract: In order to determine the vibration fatigue limit of the typical bolt connectors with different connection types and different nominal thicknesses, and compare the vibration fatigue characteristics of them, the vibration fatigue tests were carried out. According to the special requirements of the testing, a simply-supported fixture was designed, which was then verified and optimized by the finite element software and modal testing. This simply-supported fixture was proved meeting the design requirements. Furthermore, the strain values of the large-magnitude vibration were obtained by the curve-fitting method from the strain values of the small-magnitude vibration. By making the curve fitting, the strain-life curves of the four type connections were depicted. At last, the testing was completed successfully, and it can be concluded that:1) the simply-supported fixture dose apply to the vibration testing of the bolt connections and can be used in the same kind testing later; 2) in the situation of the same strain level, the double-row-screw bolt connection has the longest vibration fatigue life, that is to say it has the best vibration fatigue characteristic; 3) the failure part of all connections is the metal part, so in the next step of designing, the metal type should be substituted and the dynamic strength of it should be reinforced.
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表 1 不同连接形式/复材名义厚度的螺栓连接件振动疲劳试验循环次数
试验件名称 复材件名义厚度b/mm 试验顺序 试验时间/min 等效频率 循环次数 单排双钉1(4#) 3.0 第一组 62 426 1.58×106 第二组 139 456 3.80×106 第三组 174 456 4.76×106 单排双钉2(2#) 5.0 第一组 136 456 3.72×106 第二组 150 456 4.10×106 第三组 245 456 6.70×106 单列双钉1(3#) 3.0 第一组 45 485 1.31×106 第二组 194 456 5.31×106 第三组 169 485 4.92×106 单列双钉2(1#) 5.0 第一组 101 476 2.88×106 第二组 175 456 4.35×106 第三组 198 476 5.65×106 
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