Analysis of Dynamic Coupling Characteristics of Composite Machine Tool and Optimization
-
摘要: 针对自主研制的复合机床多工况和多轴联动的特点，对机床在多轴联动下的动态耦合特性进行仿真分析，结果表明立柱为影响机床动态耦合性能的关键结构件；以立柱为优化目标，提出了一种BP神经网络近似模型与NSGA-Ⅱ算法相结合的优化设计方法；采用最佳填充空间试验设计，在设计空间抽取样本点进行网络训练，并构建神经网络近似模型；利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对神经网络模型循环逼近优化，得到Patero前沿解。结果表明，优化后整机前两阶固有频率得到较大提升，机床在X、Y、Z方向上的共振峰值分别下降了41.0%，57.5%和39.7%。Abstract: Aiming to the various working conditions and the characteristics of multi-axis linkage of the self-developed composite machine tool, the dynamic coupling characteristics of the machine tool on the feed motion of the multi-axis were analyzed. Result indicates that the column is the key structural component that influences the dynamic coupling performance of the machine tool. Taking the column as the optimization goal, and an optimization approach combining BP neural network model with NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm) was proposed. Then, the BP neural network model was established by sampling points in the design space via the Optimal Space-Filing Design method. The NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was adopted to optimize the loop approximation on the BP neural network model, and to get the Patero optimal solution. The results show that the first two order natural frequencies are greatly increased and the dynamic performance of the machine tool in X, Y and Z directions decreased by 41.0%, 57.5% and 39.7% respectively after optimization.
-
表 1 整机前六阶固有频率与振型
阶次 频率/Hz 振型 1 54.4 以立柱为主，沿Z向俯仰摆动 2 72.7 以立柱为主，沿Y向左右摆动 3 97.8 以车刀架、支撑座为主, 沿Z向前后摆动 4 130.6 以立柱、主轴箱、工作台为主，复合摆动 5 157.5 以立柱、主轴箱、工作台为主，复合摆动 6 170.3 以车削动力头、可倾斜回转台为主，复合摆动 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 尺寸参数及取值范围
设计变量 变量说明 参数取值范围/mm 初始参数/mm P1 壁厚 20~30 25 P2 侧孔直径 40~60 50 P3 侧纵向筋板厚度 16~24 20 P4 侧横向筋板厚度 16~24 20 P5 后面孔直径 40~60 50 P6 后面筋板厚度 16~24 20 P7 底部减重孔直径 40~60 50
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 神经网络训练样本
序号 P1/mm P2/mm P3/mm P4/mm P5/mm P6/mm P7/mm m/kg f1/Hz f2/Hz σmax/μm 1 21.58 46.45 21.52 23.44 45.44 18.78 55.82 354.45 105.89 168.03 23.66 2 20.95 49.46 18.89 17.06 47.97 23.95 53.29 345.90 106.82 168.73 23.97 3 27.27 52.78 19.59 18.37 54.55 16.65 40.38 392.64 103.87 168.24 21.80 4 27.92 56.32 16.55 19.19 49.49 17.36 52.02 392.99 103.81 167.99 22.44 5 25.13 51.02 20.20 19.79 52.53 20.91 49.49 378.39 104.57 167.99 22.45 6 29.30 55.31 18.98 16.55 52.02 22.93 53.79 405.06 102.62 166.82 23.93 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 79 23.86 49.49 22.43 17.47 55.32 16.15 53.54 370.15 104.93 167.75 22.89 80 23.10 54.30 22.23 16.66 47.47 22.43 41.14 365.98 105.53 168.33 23.01
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 立柱优化前后结果对比
设计变量 优化前参数 优化后参数 改变量/% P1/mm 25 20.05 P2/mm 50 40.01 P3/mm 20 16.04 P4/mm 20 16.04 P5/mm 50 40.01 P6/mm 20 16.04 P7/mm 50 40.01 f1/Hz 104.65 108.28 +3.47 f2/Hz 167.25 170.65 +2.03 σmax/μm 22.41 22.20 -0.9 m/kg 368.48 336.17 -8.7 注:+表示提高；-表示降低。
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 立柱优化前后整机前六阶固有频率
阶次 原始结构频率/Hz 优化结构频率/Hz 改变量/% 1 54.4 62.1 +14.2 2 72.7 81.6 +12.3 3 97.8 100.8 +3.1 4 130.6 135.7 +3.9 5 157.5 158.2 +0.6 6 170.3 176.6 +3.5
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 刘世豪, 赵伟良.大型复合数控机床的研发现状与前景展望[J].制造技术与机床, 2017(6):69-73 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zzjsyjc201706031Liu S H, Zhao W L. Research and development status and prospect of large complex CNC machine tool[J]. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool, 2017(6):69-73(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zzjsyjc201706031 [2] 孙晓俊, 黄筱调, 于春建, 等.复合加工机床立柱动态特性分析及优化[J].机床与液压, 2017, 45(19):157-161 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2017.19.033Sun X J, Huang X T, Yu C J, et al. Dynamic properties analysis and optimization of complex machining machine tool stand column[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2017, 45(19):157-161(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2017.19.033 [3] 杨玉萍, 张森, 季彬彬, 等.立式加工中心床身结构动态特性有限元分析[J].机械设计与制造, 2014(1):174-176 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2014.01.054Yang Y P, Zhang S, Ji B B, et al. Finite element analysis on dynamic characteristics for the bed structure of vertical machining center[J]. Machinery Design & Manufacture, 2014(1):174-176(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3997.2014.01.054 [4] 于长亮, 张辉, 王仁彻, 等.机床整机动刚度薄弱环节辨识与优化方法研究[J].机械工程学报, 2013, 49(21):11-17 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgcxb201321002Yu C L, Zhang H, Wang R C, et al. Study on method for weak link identification of dynamic stiffness of a machine tool and optimization design[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(21):11-17(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgcxb201321002 [5] 刘成颖, 谭峰, 王立平, 等.面向机床整机动态性能的立柱结构优化设计研究[J].机械工程学报, 2016, 52(3):161-168 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgcxb201603025Liu C Y, Tan F, Wang L P, et al. Research on optimization of column structure design for dynamic performance of machine tool[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(3):161-168(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxgcxb201603025 [6] 于海莲, 王永泉, 陈花玲, 等.响应面模型与多目标遗传算法相结合的机床立柱参数优化[J].西安交通大学学报, 2012, 46(11):80-85 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xajtdxxb201211016Yu H L, Wang Y Q, Chen H L, et al. Optimization for machine tool column combining response surface model with multi-objective genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2012, 46(11):80-85(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xajtdxxb201211016 [7] Verl A, Frey S. Correlation between feed velocity and preloading in ball screw drives[J]. CIRP Annals, 2010, 59(1):429-432 doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.136 [8] Neugebauer R, Denkena B, Wegener K. Mechatronic systems for machine tools[J]. CIRP Annals, 2007, 56(2):657-686 doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2007.10.007 [9] 王磊, 金涛, 陈卫星, 等.基于广义加工空间及工件效应的超重型机床动态特性分析[J].机械设计, 2012, 29(1):69-73 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxsj201201017Wang L, Jin T, Chen W X, et al. Dynamic characteristic analysis of super heavy duty machine based on generalized manufacturing space and workpiece effect[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2012, 29(1):69-73(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/jxsj201201017 [10] 李特, 芮执元, 胡赤兵, 等.滚齿机主轴-立柱动态特性分析[J].机床与液压, 2015, 43(19):168-172 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2015.19.040Li T, Rui Z Y, Hu C B, et al. Analysis of dynamic characteristics of a gear hobbing machine spindle-column system[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2015, 43(19):168-172(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3881.2015.19.040 [11] 周孜亮, 王贵飞, 丛明.基于ANSYS Workbench的主轴箱有限元分析及优化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2012(3):17-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2265.2012.03.004Zhou Z L, Wang G F, Cong M. Finite element analysis and optimization of headstock based on ANSYS Workbench[J]. Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2012(3):17-20(in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2265.2012.03.004 [12] 金俊尉.横梁倒挂式激光切割机的结构优化设计[D].南京: 南京航天航空大学, 2015 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-1015952694.htmJin J W. Structural optimal design for laser cutting machine with up-side-down beam[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015(in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-1015952694.htm [13] 王亮, 殷国富, 谭峰, 等.基于神经网络模型和网格变形技术的机床立柱优化设计研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术, 2015(8):5-9 http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zhjc201508002Wang L, Yin G F, Tan F, et al. Optimization design research of machine tool column based on neural network and mesh morphing[J]. Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique, 2015(8):5-9(in Chinese) http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zhjc201508002 [14] 魏静.基于改进NSGA2算法的给水管网多目标优化设计[D].北京: 北京工业大学, 2016 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10005-1016785541.htmWei J. Multi-objective optimal design of water supply systems via improved NSGA2 algorithm[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2016(in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10005-1016785541.htm [15] 姜衡.FWV-6A立式加工中心动静态特性分析及优化设计[D].广州: 华南理工大学, 2011 http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1011191517.htmJiang H. The dynamic and static analysis and optimal design of FWV-6A machining center[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2011(in Chinese) http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10561-1011191517.htm -
点击查看大图
图(7) / 表(5)
计量
- 文章访问数: 203
- HTML全文浏览量: 189
- PDF下载量: 25
- 被引次数: 0
