Mechanical Analysis and Structural Optimization of Traction Locking for Spring Sheet Tractor
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摘要: 为满足水平井井下工具的输送要求，本文提出了一种新的具备大牵引力、防卡堵的液压伸缩式井下牵引器；牵引器支撑机构能否保持与管壁锁止，是伸缩式牵引器能够向前爬行的关键。因此，本文建立了牵引器在负载力作用下的牵引锁止力学模型，通过计算得到支撑机构不同布局方式下的牵引锁止条件，同时以较小支撑缸的压力为评价标准，得到伸缩式牵引器的最佳布局方式；最后通过仿真分析验证了牵引器牵引锁止条件的正确性，本文的研究成果对伸缩式牵引器的设计具有一定指导意义。Abstract: In order to meet the transportation requirements of downhole tools in horizontal wells, a new hydraulic telescopic downhole tractor with high traction and anti-jamming is presented in this paper. Whether the supporting mechanism of the tractor can be maintained and locked up with the pipe wall is the key for the retractable tractor to crawl forward. Therefore, the mechanical model of the traction locking of the tractor under the action of loads is established, and the conditions of the traction locking are analyzed. With the smaller supporting cylinder pressure as the evaluation standard, the traction locking conditions under different layout modes of the supporting mechanism are analyzed, and the optimal layout of the hydraulic telescopic downhole tractor is obtained. Finally, the correctness of the traction lock-up condition of the tractor is verified by simulation analysis. This paper has certain guiding significance for the design of hydraulic telescopic tractor.
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表 2 伸缩式牵引器布局方案
组数 排列方式(后工作短节+前工作短节) 是否优越 1 伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂+伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂 是 2 伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂+支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸 是 3 支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸+伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂 是 4 支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸+支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸 是 5 伸缩缸-抓靠臂-支撑缸+伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂 否 6 伸缩缸-抓靠臂-支撑缸+支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸 否 7 伸缩缸-支撑缸-抓靠臂+伸缩缸-抓靠臂-支撑缸 否 8 支撑缸-抓靠臂-伸缩缸+伸缩缸-抓靠臂-支撑缸 否 
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表 3 牵引器前工作短节布局方式1仿真组数
支撑机构角度θ/(°) 所需支撑力FS/N 负载力FT/N 恢复力FN/N 25 ≥32 921 10 000 484 28 ≥28 749 10 000 670 40 ≥17 540 10 000 1 304 46.15 ≥13 589 10 000 1 602
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表 4 接触力计算参数值
参数 数值 抓靠臂与管壁间静摩擦系数μ1 0.5 抓靠臂与管壁间动摩擦系数μ2 0.3 接触恢复力系数/(N·mm-1) 105 力指数 1.5 阻尼系数 1 000 切入深度/mm 0.01
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表 5 前工作短节牵引锁止仿真结果
支撑机构角度θ/(°) 所需支撑力FS/N 负载力FT/N 理论计算结果是否满足牵引锁止 25 ≥32 921 10 000 是 28 ≥28 749 10 000 是 40 ≥17 540 10 000 是 46.15 ≥13 589 10 000 是
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