Analysis of Spring Clutch Engagement and Slip Characteristics under Fluctuation of Input Speed and Output Torque
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摘要: 弹簧离合器安装于直升机主减速器输入轴，受到发动机和减速器转速、扭矩的扰动激励。为查明弹簧离合器在输入输出轴扰动下的传扭能力及接触时变特性，建立了弹簧离合器的有限元动力学模型，并结合温差法实现了弹簧/壳体、弹簧/芯轴间预紧配合的模拟，由此分析了弹簧离合器接合传扭过程中跟随特性、接触压力、轴向和切向滑移量的时变规律。结果表明：发动机5%输入转速波动与无转速波动相比，输入输出壳体平均转速差增大2.87倍，平均压应力增加19.3%；5%输出扭矩波动与无扭矩波动相比，输入输出壳体平均转速差增大2.16倍，平均压应力增加61.3%。此外，弹簧输入端切向滑移大于输出端，弹簧中部轴向滑移最大，转速波动对离合器输出端的切向滑移影响显著。Abstract: The spring clutch is installed on the input shaft of the helicopter main reducer, and excited by the speed and torque fluctuation of the engine and reducer. In order to find out the torque-transfer ability and time-varying characteristics of the spring clutch under the fluctuation of its input and output shaft, the finite element dynamic model for spring clutch is established, and the temperature difference method is used to simulate the pre-tightening of the spring/housing and spring/mandrel. The time-varying regularity of following characteristics, contact pressure, axial and tangential slip are analyzed during high speed spring clutch operation. The results indicate that comparing with the no-speed fluctuation, the 5% input speed fluctuation of the engine increases 2.87 times of the average speed difference between the input and output housings, and the 19.3% of the average compressive stress. Comparing with the no-torque fluctuation, the 5% output torque fluctuation of the engine increases 2.16 times of the average speed difference between the input and output housings, and the 61.3% of the average compressive stress. In addition, the tangential slip of the spring input end is larger than the output end, and the axial middle slip is the largest, then the rotational speed fluctuation has a significant influence on the tangential slip of the clutch output end.
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Key words:
- spring clutch /
- pre-tightening fit /
- contact pressure /
- slip /
- finite element method
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表 1 弹簧离合器材料参数
参数名称及单位 4Cr5MoSiV 40CrNiMoA 弹性模量E/GPa 212 205 泊松比ν 0.3 0.3 密度ρ/(kg·m-3) 7 690 7 850 屈服极限δs/MPa 1 482~1 793 835~980 热膨胀系数α/℃ 11.5×10-6 14.6×10-6 
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