Extension Comprehensive Evaluation for Kansei Elements Extraction of Automobile Front Face Design
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摘要: 为了解决以往汽车造型设计要素提取过程存在的模糊性、复杂性、主观性等问题，本研究使用可拓综合评价对汽车前脸关键设计要素进行感性提取。首先，从用户对汽车前脸的感性认知信息出发，以感性工学为基础，使用推论式感性工学建立感性评价指标体系。其次通过模糊层次分析法和熵权法求出各感性指标的主、客观权重，得到综合权重后，接着运用可拓理论针对各感性指标对汽车前脸设计要素进行重要度评价。最终，根据各指标权重及设计要素评价结果综合确定影响汽车前脸设计要素的重要程度等级。本研究方法过程简洁，逻辑清晰，不仅增强了提取汽车前脸关键设计要素的客观科学性，也为其他产品关键设计要素的提取提供有效参考。Abstract: In order to solve the problems of ambiguity, complexity, and subjectivity in the previous extraction process of automobile styling design elements, this study uses extension comprehensive evaluation to extract perceptually the key design elements of the front face of the automobile. First, starting from the user's perceptual cognition information on the front face of the car, the inferential perceptual engineering is used to establish a perceptual evaluation index system. Secondly, the subjective and objective weights of each perceptual index are obtained through fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method, and the comprehensive weight is obtained. Then, extension theory is used to evaluate the importance of car front face design elements for each perceptual index. Finally, according to the weight of each index and the evaluation results of design elements, the degree of importance of the design elements affecting the front face of the car is comprehensively determined. The process of this research method is simple and logical, which not only enhances the objective science of extracting key design elements of the front face of the car, but also provides an effective reference for the extraction of key design elements of other products.
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Key words:
- kansei engineering /
- fuzzy analytic hierarchy process /
- entropy method /
- extension theory
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图 1 汽车前脸设计要素提取流程
Figure 1. The process for extracting design elements for the automobile front face
图 2 汽车前脸感性评价指标推论过程
Figure 2. The inference process for perceptual evaluationindicators for the automobile front face
图 3 汽车前脸感性认知评价指标推论
Figure 3. The inference of perceptual cognitive evaluationindicators for the automobile front face
图 5 汽车前脸关键设计要素提取实例图
Figure 5. An example of extracting key design elements for the automobile front face
表 1 各指标模糊互补判断矩阵
Table 1. Fuzzy complementary judgment matrix for each indicator
指标 C1 C2 C3 C4 C11 C12 C13 C21 C22 C23 C31 C32 C33 C41 C42 C1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 C2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 C3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 C4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 C11 0.5 0.3 0.8 C12 0.7 0.5 0.9 C13 0.2 0.1 0.5 C21 0.5 0.6 0.2 C22 0.4 0.5 0.1 C23 0.8 0.9 0.5 C31 0.5 0.4 0.7 C32 0.6 0.5 0.8 C33 0.3 0.2 0.5 C41 0.5 0.7 C42 0.3 0.5 
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表 2 各指标主观权重值
Table 2. Subjective weight values for each indicator
二级因素层 权重 三级指标层 权重 C1 0.3000 C11 0.3500 C12 0.4333 C13 0.2167 C2 0.2750 C21 0.3000 C22 0.2500 C23 0.4500 C3 0.2417 C31 0.3500 C32 0.4000 C33 0.2500 C4 0.1833 C41 0.6000 C42 0.4000
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表 3 各指标熵值、差异系数、客观权重
Table 3. Entropy value, coefficient of variation, and objective weight for each indicator
指标 熵值 差异系数 客观权重 C1 0.9363 0.0637 0.2412 C2 0.8905 0.1095 0.4143 C3 0.9274 0.0726 0.2748 C4 0.9816 0.0184 0.0698 C11 0.8035 0.1965 0.4781 C12 0.8194 0.1806 0.4393 C13 0.9661 0.0339 0.0825 C21 0.9523 0.0477 0.2184 C22 0.975 0 0.025 0 0.1145 C23 0.8543 0.1457 0.6671 C31 0.9523 0.0477 0.2184 C32 0.975 0 0.025 0 0.1145 C33 0.8543 0.1457 0.6671 C41 0.9183 0.0817 0.7377 C42 0.971 0 0.029 0 0.2623
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表 4 各指标综合权重值
Table 4. Comprehensive weight values for each indicator
二级因素层 综合权重 三级指标层 综合权重 C11 0.4455 C1 0.2726 C12 0.5068 C13 0.0476 C21 0.1661 C2 0.4291 C22 0.0726 C23 0.7611 C31 0.2641 C3 0.2501 C32 0.1585 C33 0.5770 C4 0.0482 C41 0.2641 C42 0.1585
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表 5 设计要素雨刮器专家评分
Table 5. Expert ratings for windshield wiper design elements
感性评价指标 雨刮器评分 感性评价指标 雨刮器评分 C11 5.07 C31 5.20 C12 5.47 C32 4.93 C13 7.00 C33 5.13 C21 5.33 C41 6.53 C22 4.87 C42 6.47 C23 4.40
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表 6 感性指标评价值与经典域之间的距离
Table 6. Distance between perceptual indicator evaluation values and the classical domain
感性评价指标 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 C11 3.0667 1.0667 −0.9333 0.9333 2.9333 C12 3.4667 1.4667 −0.5333 0.5333 2.5333 C13 5.0000 3.0000 1.0000 −1.0000 1.0000 C21 3.3333 1.3333 −0.6667 0.6667 2.6667 C22 2.8667 0.8667 −0.8667 1.1333 3.1333 C23 2.4000 0.4000 −0.4000 1.6000 3.6000 C31 3.2000 1.2000 −0.8000 0.8000 2.8000 C32 2.9333 0.9333 −0.9333 1.0667 3.0667 C33 3.1333 1.1333 −0.8667 0.8667 2.8667 C41 4.5333 2.5333 0.5333 −0.5333 1.4667 C42 4.4667 2.4667 0.4667 −0.4667 1.5333
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表 7 感性指标评价值与节域之间的距离
Table 7. Distance between perceptual indicator evaluationvalues and the interval domain
感性评价指标 P 感性评价指标 P C11 −4.9930 C31 −4.8000 C12 −4.5333 C32 −4.9333 C13 −3.0000 C33 −4.8667 C21 −4.6667 C41 −3.4667 C22 −4.8667 C42 −3.5333 C23 −4.4000
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表 8 感性指标关联度
Table 8. Correlation of perceptual indicators
指标 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 C11 −0.3833 −0.1778 0.4667 −0.1591 −0.3729 C12 −0.4333 −0.2444 0.2667 −0.1053 −0.3585 C13 −0.6250 −0.5000 −0.2500 0.5000 −0.2500 C21 −0.4167 −0.2222 0.3333 −0.1250 −0.3636 C22 −0.3707 −0.1512 0.4333 −0.1889 −0.3917 C23 −0.3529 −0.0833 0.2000 −0.2667 −0.4500 C31 −0.4000 −0.2000 0.4000 −0.1429 −0.3684 C32 −0.3729 −0.1591 0.4667 −0.1778 −0.3833 C33 −0.3917 −0.1889 0.4333 −0.1512 −0.3707 C41 −0.5667 −0.4222 −0.1333 0.2667 −0.2973 C42 −0.5583 −0.4111 −0.1167 0.2333 −0.3026
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表 9 综合关联度
Table 9. Comprehensive correlation
设计要素 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 max 重要程度等级 雨刮器 −1.4138 −0.7019 0.9461 −0.3836 −1.2895 0.9461 3（一般）
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表 10 汽车前脸设计要素的综合关联度
Table 10. Comprehensive correlation of design elements for the automobile front face
设计要素 u1 u2 u3 u4 u5 max 重要程度等级 雨刮器 −1.4138 −0.7019 0.9461 −0.3836 −1.2895 0.9461 3（一般） 前挡风玻璃 −1.7893 −1.2452 −0.1162 0.3596 −1.0981 0.3596 4（重要） 前脸轮廓 −1.7566 −1.2015 0.0320 0.2580 −1.1003 0.2580 4（重要） 前大灯 −2.7017 −2.4617 −1.9816 −0.5412 0.5424 0.5424 5（非常重要） 雾灯 −2.5831 −2.3034 −1.7442 −0.0665 0.1063 0.1063 5（非常重要） 前保险杠 −1.6215 −1.0214 0.4747 −0.1973 −1.1362 0.4747 3（一般） 后视镜 −1.6013 −0.9944 0.4807 −0.1314 −1.1812 0.4807 3（一般） 引擎盖 −2.6297 −2.3656 −1.8374 −0.2529 0.2721 0.2721 5（非常重要） 上散热栅格 −2.6205 −2.3534 −1.8191 −0.2163 0.2268 0.2268 5（非常重要） 车标 −2.1988 −1.7911 −0.9704 0.8162 −0.6964 0.8162 4（重要） 下散热栅格 −2.5613 −2.2744 −1.7007 0.0205 0.0435 0.0435 5（非常重要） 前轮轮胎 −1.3979 −0.7158 1.2186 −0.4082 −1.2574 1.2186 3（一般）
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