工件载荷对机床定位误差的影响分析及补偿研究

侯家林; 王宇林; 刘璨; 刘焕牢

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220051

工件载荷对机床定位误差的影响分析及补偿研究

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220051

广东海洋大学机械与动力工程学院，广东湛江　524000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51375100）与广东省自然科学基金项目（2021A15150110591）

详细信息

作者简介:
侯家林（1997−），硕士研究生，研究方向为数控机床运动误差测量及误差补偿，houjialin1997@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘焕牢，教授，博士，hl66@163.com

中图分类号: TH17
计量
- 文章访问数: 29
- HTML全文浏览量: 7
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Analysis and Compensation Study on Influence of Workpiece Load on Positioning Error of Machine Tool

School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 影响机床精度的因素众多，其中，工件载荷对机床产生的误差同样不可忽视。通过对机床的受载情况进行静力学分析，并利用激光干涉仪对机床的定位误差及其他各项几何误差进行测量，其结果显示，工件载荷对机床的几何误差存在很大影响，尤其在定位精度上，加载100 kg与空载相差10%左右，并且在进行误差补偿之后，这一差距会提升到40%左右，在此基础上提出了结合载荷的定位误差补偿方法。该方法解决了螺距误差补偿在实际工况下会产生欠补偿或过度补偿的问题。
- 工件载荷 /
- 力学分析 /
- 定位误差 /
- 误差补偿
Abstract: There are many factors affecting the accuracy of machine tools, among which the error caused by workpiece load can not be ignored. Through the macro statics analysis of the loading condition of the machine tool, the positioning error and other geometric errors of the machine tool are measured by using the laser interferometer. The results show that the workpiece load has the significant influence on the geometric error of the machine tool, especially in the positioning accuracy, the difference between the load of 100 kg and the no-load is about 10%, and after the error compensation, the difference will be increased to about 40%. Therefore, the positioning error compensation method combined with the load is proposed. This method solves the problem of under compensation or over compensation of pitch error compensation in actual working conditions, and provides theoretical guidance for further improving the positioning accuracy of machine tool in working conditions.
- workpiece load /
- mechanical analysis /
- positioning error /
- error compensation

HTML全文

图 1 工作台受载模型三维图

Figure 1. Table load model 3D diagram

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图 2 工作台受力简图

Figure 2. Table force diagram

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图 3 工作台受载误差模型图

Figure 3. Table load error model diagram

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图 4 定位误差偏移情况1

Figure 4. Positioning error offset case 1

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图 5 定位误差偏移情况2

Figure 5. Positioning error offset case 2

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图 6 工作台误差关系

Figure 6. Table error relation

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图 7 数控机床误差采集示意图

Figure 7. Numerical control machine tool error acquisition diagram

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图 8 0 载荷下的垂直度误差

Figure 8. Perpendicularity error under 0 load

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图 9 100 kg载荷下的垂直度误差

Figure 9. 100 kg载荷下的垂直度误差

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图 10 0 载荷下X轴沿Z轴方向的直线度误差

Figure 10. Linearity error of X axis along Z axis under 0 load

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图 12 0 载荷下的X轴定位误差

Figure 12. X-axis positioning error under 0 load

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图 13 100 kg载荷下的X轴定位误差

Figure 13. X-axis positioning error under 100 kg load

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图 11 100 kg载荷下X轴沿Z轴方向的直线度误差

Figure 11. Linearity error of X axis along Z axis under 100 kg load

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图 14 0载荷下的直线度误差

Figure 14. Linearity error under 0 load

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图 15 100 kg载荷下的直线度误差

Figure 15. Linearity error under 100 kg load

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图 16 定位误差变化量的理论值

Figure 16. Theoretical value of the change in positioning error

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图 17 定位误差变化量的测量值

Figure 17. Measurement of the change in positioning error

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图 18 补偿后的定位误差对比

Figure 18. Comparison of positioning error after compensation

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表 1 定位精度A受载前后对比

Table 1. Positioning accuracy A comparison before and after loading

载荷重量/kg X轴定位误差/μm X轴沿Z轴方向
直线度误差

0 34.267 31.900
100 28.966 28.490
影响比例/% 15.5 10.7

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表 2 定位精度A补偿前后对比

Table 2. Positioning accuracy A comparison before and after compensation

载荷重量/kg X轴定位误差/μm
补偿前补偿后

0 34.267 18.414
100 28.966 10.968
影响比例/% 15.5 41.9

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