Design and Experimental Study of Magnetic Energy-harvesting Suspension
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摘要: 馈能悬架在完成被动悬架相关功能的同时，可实现对振动能量的回收。本文提出了一种在保留原被动悬架弹簧与阻尼结构的基础上，融入法拉第电磁感应馈能元件的磁力馈能悬架结构，保证原有悬架的安全性，同时实现无接触、无摩擦、无需润滑的馈能功能。本文阐述了该馈能悬架的工作原理与基本结构，并对悬架结构进行优化设计。进而研制了磁力馈能悬架的原理样机及馈能实验台架，研究在变频率、变幅值的正弦激励下，悬架系统的输出电压特性。实验结果表明：馈能悬架的输出电压与正弦激励的幅值和频率呈正相关。为了验证馈能悬架的自供电性与实用性，选用传感器作为负载，在7 Hz，4 mm的正弦激励下，馈能悬架可持续输出的电压为22 V成功地为传感器供电。Abstract: The energy-harvesting suspension can realize the harvesting of vibration energy while completing the relevant functions of passive suspension. This paper proposes a magnetic energy-harvesting suspension structure, which is based on the original passive suspension spring and the damping structure and incorporated with the energy-harvesting element of the Faraday law of electromagnetic induction to ensure the safety of the original passive suspension and to realize the energy-harvesting function of no-contact, no-friction and no-lubrication. It also describes the principles and basic structures of the energy-harvesting suspension and then optimizes its structure. Then, the prototype of the magnetic energy-harvesting suspension and its bench were developed to study its output voltage characteristics under variable frequency and variable amplitude sinusoidal excitation. The experimental results show that the output voltage of the magnetic energy-harvesting suspension is positively correlated with the amplitude and frequency of the sinusoidal excitation. In order to verify the feasibility of the self-powered suspension, a sensor is selected as the load. Under the sine excitation of 7 Hz and 4 mm, the suspension can continuously output a voltage of 22 V to successfully power the sensor.
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表 2 正交试验方案及结果
编号 A B C D E 磁通密度B/mT 1 1 1 1 1 1 260.78 2 1 2 2 2 2 227.90 3 1 3 3 3 3 205.06 4 1 4 4 4 4 185.67 5 2 1 2 3 4 201.92 6 2 2 1 4 3 261.76 7 2 3 4 1 2 333.14 8 2 4 3 2 1 432.44 9 3 1 3 4 2 264.36 10 3 2 4 3 1 356.78 11 3 3 1 2 4 317.65 12 3 4 2 1 3 396.04 13 4 1 4 2 3 259.06 14 4 2 3 1 4 295.40 15 4 3 2 4 1 434.03 16 4 4 1 3 2 450.59 
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表 3 正交试验结果分析
A B C D E Kj1 879.41 986.12 1290.78 1285.36 1484.03 Kj2 1229.26 1141.84 1259.89 1237.05 1275.99 Kj3 1334.83 1289.88 1197.26 1214.35 1121.92 Kj4 1439.08 1464.74 1134.65 1145.82 1000.64 Kjp1 219.85 246.53 322.70 321.34 371.01 Kjp2 307.32 285.46 314.97 309.26 319.00 Kjp3 333.71 322.47 299.32 303.59 280.48 Kjp4 359.77 366.19 283.66 286.46 250.16 Rj 139.92 119.66 39.04 34.88 120.85 因素排列 A > E > B > C > D 最佳水平 A4 B4 C1 D1 E1 最佳组合 A4B4C1D1E1
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表 4 磁力馈能装置的最优参数
mm 参数 数值 永磁铁厚度lm 33 软铁环2厚度lr1 8 软铁环1厚度的一半lr2 6 线圈长度lc 40 铝管半径rR 7 永磁铁半径rm 21 线圈内径rF 23.5 线圈外径rc 28 外铁环内径rb 29 外铁环外径ra 33
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