激励点优化和加速度信号的结构损伤识别

刘满东; 彭珍瑞

doi:10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200256

激励点优化和加速度信号的结构损伤识别

doi: 10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20200256

刘满东,
彭珍瑞^,

兰州交通大学机电工程学院，兰州　730070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51768035）、甘肃省高校协同创新团队资助项目（2018C-12）及兰州市人才创新创业项目（2017-RC-66）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘满东（1993−），硕士研究生，研究方向为传感器优化布置、损伤识别，228691626@qq.com

通讯作者:
彭珍瑞，教授，博士生导师，pzrui@163.com

中图分类号: TG156
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- 文章访问数: 229
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- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-19
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-05

Structural Damage Detection based on Acceleration Signals under Incentive Points Optimization

LIU Mandong,
PENG Zhenrui^,

School of Mechanical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

摘要

摘要: 通过对激励点优化布置获取结构的响应信息，提出了一种以加速度信号差曲率函数作为损伤指标，直接利用输出信号快速判断结构损伤位置的方法。首先计算模态振型，以模态保证准则（MAC）矩阵非对角元素最小值作为适应度函数，采用改进粒子群算法（MPSO）优化激励点数量和位置，再运用平均加速度幅值和均方根评价准则选择较优的激励点布置方案；然后试验激励对应的位置，获取加速度信号后计算测点处损伤前后加速度差的平方的积分值，运用曲率指标函数确定损伤位置，并对加速度信号通过巴特沃斯滤波后作为改进多尺度样本熵（MMSE）的输入样本；最后根据MMSE均值的变化，判定各工况相对损伤程度变化。结果表明：利用结构响应的加速度信号差曲率函数适合作为损伤识别的判别指标，通过三维桁架振动台中螺栓连接的状态模拟损伤，可以对不同损伤工况进行损伤诊断。
- 损伤识别 /
- 激励点优化 /
- 桁架 /
- 巴特沃斯滤波 /
- 加速度信号
Abstract: Obtaining the response information of the structure by optimizing the arrangement of the incentive points, a new method is proposed, which takes the difference curvature function of acceleration signal as the damage index and directly applies the output signal to quickly judge the damage position of the structure. Firstly, the modal shape of the structure is calculated, and the minimum value of the non diagonal element of modal assurance criterion (MAC) matrix is taken as the fitness function, modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is used to optimize the number and location of excitation points, and then the average acceleration amplitude and root mean square (RMS) evaluation criteria are used to select the better scheme of excitation point arrangement. Then test the corresponding position of the excitation, obtain the acceleration signal, calculate the integral value of the square of the acceleration difference before and after the damage at the measuring point, use the curvature index function to determine the damage position, and the acceleration signal is filtered by Butterworth as the input sample of improved multi-scale sample entropy (MMSE). Finally, according to the change of MMSE mean value, the relative damage degree of the structure under each working condition is determined. The results show that the difference curvature function of acceleration signal of structural response is suitable for damage detection. By simulating the damage of bolt connection in three-dimensional truss vibration table, the damage diagnosis can be carried out under different damage conditions.
- damage detection /
- incentive points optimization /
- truss /
- Butterworth filter /
- acceleration signal

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图 1 损伤识别流程图

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图 2 桁架试验实物图

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图 3 MPSO算法的适应度函数收敛曲线

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图 4 12个激励点位置

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图 5 各工况下的曲率变化曲线

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图 6 各工况下不同损伤位置的MMSE值

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表 1 桁架结构的基本物理参数

杆名称	材料	截面面积/cm²	密度/ （kg·m⁻³）	泊松比
上弦杆	3号热轧等边角钢	85.5	7800	0.3
下弦杆	3号热轧等边角钢	85.5	7800	0.3
直腹杆	2.5号热轧双等边角钢	141	7800	0.3
斜腹杆	矩形截面钢	45	7800	0.3

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表 2 不同激励方案及评价

传感器个数	优化的激励点位置	MAC非对角元最大值	f₁	f₂
6	3(3−Y) 7(5−Y) 12(7−Z) 20(13−Z) 32(20−Z) 33(21−Y)	0.5661	552.4862	1.0627
8	5(4−Y) 10(6−Z) 11(7−Y) 19(13−Y) 24(15−Z) 25(17−Y) 26(17−Z) 27(18−Y)	0.3974	523.5602	0.7250
10	3(3−Y) 11(7−Y) 20(13−Z) 25(17−Y)26(17−Z) 27(18−Y) 32(20−Z) 37(23−Y)38(23−Z) 41(25−Y)	0.2839	568.1818	0.2811
12	3(3−Y) 7(5−Y) 11(7−Y) 20(13−Z) 22(14−Z) 23(15−Y) 26(17−Z) 29(19−Y) 30(19−Z) 34(21−Z) 39(24−Y) 40(24−Z)	0.1918	512.8205	0.0626

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表 3 工况2激励时的曲率值

传感器通道编号	激励的位置节点−方向	传感器的位置节点	曲率G
1	3−Y	2	0.0000E+00
2	3−Y	14	7.7960E-06
3	3−Y	4	8.9472E-06
4	5−Y	4	7.5583E-07
5	5−Y	12	5.0993E-05
6	5−Y	6	9.2517E-05
7	7−Y	6	3.4346E-05
8	7−Y	10	1.4092E-06
9	13−Z	14	8.2036E-06
10	13−Z	4	4.0883E-06
11	13−Z	12	2.3785E-05
12	14−Z	14	2.6596E-05
13	15−Y	2	1.7354E-06
14	15−Y	14	3.3250E-06
15	17−Z	28	2.1581E-05
16	17−Z	18	2.0975E-04
17	19−Y	18	4.3077E-04
18	9−Y	26	2.0791E-04
19	19−Y	20	9.5153E-06
20	19−Z	18	1.4502E-05
21	19−Z	26	2.5883E-05
22	19−Z	20	6.2839E-06
23	21−Z	20	4.7464E-06
24	21−Z	24	1.7996E-05
25	21−Z	22	1.5585E-05
26	24−Y	24	2.4332E-05
27	24−Z	24	0.0000E+00

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表 4 不同工况下损伤时MMSE的均值

工况	损伤位置、程度	MMSE的均值
工况	损伤位置、程度	滤波前	滤波后
1	单元5：节点5、6螺栓完好	0.9985	0.8773
1	单元56：节点18、19螺栓完好	0.6595	0.5935
2	单元5：节点5螺栓松动、节点6螺栓缺失	0.1968	0.1829
2	单元56：节点18、19螺栓松动	0.2764	0.5516
3	单元5：节点5螺栓松动、节点6螺栓缺失	0.2980	0.4340
3	单元56：节点18螺栓缺失、节点19螺栓松动	0.2113	0.3949
4	单元5：节点5螺栓松动、节点6螺栓缺失	0.3579	0.4112
4	单元56：节点18螺栓脱落、节点19螺栓松动	0.2057	0.2138

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