振动机械滚动轴承的故障尺寸量化研究

摘要: 针对振动机械滚动轴承故障尺寸量化的问题，通过对振动机械滚动轴承故障特征的分析，基于Hertz接触理论考虑局部单一故障尺寸对接触变形的影响，引入载荷分布区，建立振动机械滚动轴承外环单一局部损伤故障双冲击现象动力学模型。根据此模型进行仿真并在圆振动筛上对两组不同缺陷尺寸的轴承进行了实验研究。结果表明，因滚动体滚过缺陷而产生的双冲击信号，依据双冲击信号的时间间隔对轴承故障宽度尺寸进行量化，平均准确率达96%以上，验证了模型的正确性及此方法应用于振动机械滚动轴承故障尺寸量化的可行性。
- 故障尺寸量化 /
- 滚动轴承 /
- 振动机械 /
- 双冲击信号
Abstract: Aiming at the problem of quantifying the severity of vibrating mechanical rolling bearing fault, by analyzing the fault characteristics of rolling bearings, the influence of local single fault size on contact deformation is considered by Hertz contact theory; and by introducing load distribution area, a dynamic model of double impact phenomenon of a single local damage fault in the outer ring of rolling bearings is established. According to this model, two groups of bearings with different defect sizes are simulated and test on a circular vibrating screen. The results show that the rolling element produces double shock signal through defects. The rolling bearing fault size is quantified according to the time interval of double shock signal, and the average accuracy is over 96%, which verifies the correctness of the model and the feasibility of applying this method to the fault quantification of rolling bearings in vibrating machine.
- fault size quantification /
- rolling bearing /
- vibrating machine /
- double shock signal

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图 1 圆振筛工作简图

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图 2 圆振筛滚动轴承振动模型

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图 3 圆振筛滚动轴承X方向振动模型

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图 4 载荷分布区示意图

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图 5 滚动轴承径向位移^[20]

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图 6 滚动轴承故障示意图

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图 7 双冲击信号示意图

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图 8 调心滚子轴承结构尺寸示意

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图 9 外环故障尺寸1 mm仿真信号

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图 10 外环故障尺寸0.5 mm仿真信号

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图 11 实验所用故障轴承

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图 12 YK1022型振动筛及采集系统

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图 13 故障尺寸1 mm实测信号

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图 14 故障尺寸0.5 mm实测信号

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表 1 调心滚子轴承22315CA/W33参数

轴承外径/mm	轴承内径/mm	轴承节圆直径/mm	接触角/(°)	滚动体直径/mm	滚动体数目/个	缺陷宽度/mm
160	75	117.5	12	21	15×2	0.5和1

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表 2 双冲击信号时间间隔

故障大小/mm	仿真双冲击时间/s	实验双冲击时间/s	理论与实验准确率/%	理论与实验平均准确率/%
1	0.000 360 293	0.000 371 1	97.09	97.36
1		0.000 351 5	97.56
1		0.000 361 3	99.72
1		0.000 341 8	94.87
1		0.000 351 5	97.56
0.5	0.000 180 145	0.000 185 5	97.11	96.32
0.5		0.000 175 8	97.59
0.5		0.000 166 1	92.20
0.5		0.000 185 5	97.11
0.5		0.000 175 8	97.59

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